The Integrated Diversity Education Approach in Pesantren (IDEA–P Model): Reconstructing Multicultural Islamic Pedagogy for Inclusive Civilization
Abstract
This paper proposes a new theoretical frameworkthe Integrated Diversity Education Approach in Pesantren (IDEA–P Model as a response to the growing need for structured diversity education within Indonesia’s Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). Drawing from 30 interdisciplinary studies on multiculturalism, inclusive pedagogy, and Islamic leadership, this study synthesizes existing approaches into a unified model grounded in Islamic theological, pedagogical, and social principles. The IDEA–P framework consists of three interrelated axes: the Spiritual Axis, emphasizing divine unity and compassion (tawhid and rahmah); the Pedagogical Axis, centered on dialogical and differentiated learning; and the Social Axis, focusing on multicultural leadership and institutional inclusivity. These axes are operationalized through five structural components epistemic integration, dialogical pedagogy, inclusive curriculum design, multicultural leadership, and reflective evaluation. The model positions pesantren as transformative moral communities that balance tradition and modernity, theology and pluralism, faith and civic responsibility. This study contributes a conceptual foundation for advancing diversity education in Islamic contexts, offering both theoretical depth and practical implications for educators, policymakers, and scholars
References
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Amri, M., Tahir, S. Z. A. B., & Ahmad, S. (2017). The implementation of Islamic teaching in multiculturalism society: A case study at pesantren schools in Indonesia. Asian Social Science, 13(6), 125.
Arif, M. (2016). Multiculturalism of Pesantren kyai. International Journal of Education and Research, 4(10), 253-272.
Azizah, N. R. R., & Sa'adah, N. (2025). Causes of bullying and strategies for prevention in pesantren: A holistic approach to creating an inclusive environment. Asatiza: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 63-76.
Burga, M. A., & Damopolii, M. (2022). Reinforcing religious moderation through local culture-based Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 145-162.
Bustomi, A. A., Pardianto, P., & Maksum, I. (2021). The multiculturalism of Pesantren: scaffolding diversity of Indonesian society. AL-WIJDÃN Journal of Islamic Education Studies, 6(1), 71-85.
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Hadi, S., & Anggraeni, D. (2021). Pesantren, Pecinan and Multicultural Education: A Qualitative Case Study of Kauman Pesantren, Lasem, Central Java. Edukasia Islamika, 6(2), 273-288.
Hamdan, H. (2025, October). Implementation Of Multicultural Education At Pondok Pesantren Attamimy Praya. In Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic and Interdisciplinary Studies (Vol. 4, pp. 151-155).
Hasnawati, L., & Nadliroh, A. (2023). Diversity and Pesantren Values as the Basis of Education in Malaysia and Indonesia. Dawuh Guru: Jurnal Pendidikan MI/SD, 3(1), 1-12.
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Islam, M. H., & Yussof, M. H. B. (2024). Development of Multicultural Education Through Sufism's Value of Satlogi Santri in Pesantren. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(2), 633-648.
Jabbar, A. A., Achour, M., Alauddin, M. B., Geraldine, E., Al Mutawakkil, T., Afiyah, I., & Srifyan, J. H. (2023). The Existence of Multicultural-Universal Education Values in Pesantren. Solo Universal Journal of Islamic Education and Multiculturalism, 1(03), 221-234.
Latif, M., & Hafid, E. (2021). multicultural attitudes in an Islamic boarding school of South Sulawesi–Indonesia. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1968736.
Mala, A., Zulkarnain, Z., Bakar, M. Y. A., & Marpuah, S. (2024). Fostering Tolerance Through Inclusive Islamic Education: The Role of Pesantren in Navigating Global Challenges. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), 12(2), 153-178.
Mala, A., Zulkarnain, Z., Marpuah, S., & Badriyah, L. (2024). Towards Sustainable Inclusive Education: Challenges and Reconstruction of PAI Learning Methods in Islamic Boarding School Education. Jurnal Tarbiyatuna, 15(2), 116-125.
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Munawwarah, U. D. (2025). Carl Rogers' Humanistic Approach in Character Education in Pesantren. Jurnal Pelita Raya, 1(1), 31-45.
Mustopa, M., & Nasikhin, N. (2024). Anti-Racism Education Based on Religious Moderation Values in Pesantren Salaf. Edukasia Islamika, 9(2), 241-266.
Pohl, F. (2006). Islamic education and civil society: Reflections on the pesantren tradition in contemporary Indonesia. Comparative Education Review, 50(3), 389-409.
Purwowidodo, A., & Zaini, M. (2024). Developing a Value-Based Moderate Islamic Education Model: A Case Study of Pesantren Sidogiri Pasuruan. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), 12(1), 43-62.
Qodriyah, K., Bakri, M., & Ghony, D. (2024). The construction of objective consciousness in multicultural society based on pesantren. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(4), 136-149.
Raihani. (2012). Report on multicultural education in pesantren. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 42(4), 585-605.
Rofiah, N. H., Kawai, N., & Sudiraharja, D. (2025). Pesantren and inclusion: Bridging religion and disability in Islamic education in Indonesia. African Journal of Disability, 14, 1741.
Rohman, A. (2017). PESANTREN AS A BASIS FOR INTERNALIZATION OF PLURALISTIC VALUES FOR PREPARING A DEMOCRATIC CITIZENS IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 25(2).
Rosmilawati, I. (2021, November). Multicultural Education in Traditional Islamic Boarding School: A Transformative Learning Perspective. In 7th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET 2021) (pp. 265-271). Atlantis Press.
Safi'i, A. (2022). Peaceful Culture Management and Diversity Santri. Journal of Positive School Psychology http://journal, 6(4), 2453-2468.
Sirojuddin, A., Ghoni, J., & Hosna, R. (2025). Integration of Islamic Boarding School and Higher Education Curriculum from a Multicultural Islamic Education Perspective. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 16(1), 107-128.
Sulthoniyah, L., Husnann, R., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Strategies for building the character of tolerant students through the management of ethnic diversity at the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Situbondo Islamic boarding school. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 13(02).
Thoyib, M. (2019, March). Pesantren and Contemporary Multicultural Islamic Education: Empowering plurality toward realizing social harmony and peace in Indonesia. In Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018) (pp. 543-551). Atlantis Press.
Umar, M. A., & Nurrohman, W. (2024). Multicultural Education to Develop Tolerance of Santri. Multicultural Islamic Education Review, 2(2), 97-106.
Wekke, I. S., & Lubis, M. A. (2008). A Multicultural approach in Arabic language teaching: creating equality at Indonesian pesantren classroom life. Sosiohumanika, 1(2).
Yunus, M. M., & Wekke, I. S. (2009). The application of multicultural education and applying ICT on Pesantren in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Yusuf, A. (2020). Design Of Multicultural Pesantren In Building Multicultural Character Of Santri. Journal Multicultural of Islamic Education, 3(2), 38-54.
Amri, M., Tahir, S. Z. A. B., & Ahmad, S. (2017). The implementation of Islamic teaching in multiculturalism society: A case study at pesantren schools in Indonesia. Asian Social Science, 13(6), 125.
Arif, M. (2016). Multiculturalism of Pesantren kyai. International Journal of Education and Research, 4(10), 253-272.
Azizah, N. R. R., & Sa'adah, N. (2025). Causes of bullying and strategies for prevention in pesantren: A holistic approach to creating an inclusive environment. Asatiza: Jurnal Pendidikan, 6(1), 63-76.
Burga, M. A., & Damopolii, M. (2022). Reinforcing religious moderation through local culture-based Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 145-162.
Bustomi, A. A., Pardianto, P., & Maksum, I. (2021). The multiculturalism of Pesantren: scaffolding diversity of Indonesian society. AL-WIJDÃN Journal of Islamic Education Studies, 6(1), 71-85.
Fitriya, F. F. (2024, December). INCLUSIVE EDUCATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL: A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH IN ACCOMMODING DIVERSITY. In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION, SOCIETY AND HUMANITY (Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 667-677).
Futaqi, S., & Mashuri, S. (2022). Multicultural Leadership of Kiai for Managing Diversity in Indonesian Context: Spiritual, Intellectual, and Social Integration. Cultural Management: Science and Education, 6(2), 57-73.
Hadi, S., & Anggraeni, D. (2021). Pesantren, Pecinan and Multicultural Education: A Qualitative Case Study of Kauman Pesantren, Lasem, Central Java. Edukasia Islamika, 6(2), 273-288.
Hamdan, H. (2025, October). Implementation Of Multicultural Education At Pondok Pesantren Attamimy Praya. In Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic and Interdisciplinary Studies (Vol. 4, pp. 151-155).
Hasnawati, L., & Nadliroh, A. (2023). Diversity and Pesantren Values as the Basis of Education in Malaysia and Indonesia. Dawuh Guru: Jurnal Pendidikan MI/SD, 3(1), 1-12.
Iqbal, M., Chaghtai, K., Nath, A., Garcia, C., Al-Mutawakkil, T., Afiyah, I., & Srifyan, J. H. (2023). Jasadiyah Education in Modern Pesantren with Multicultural and Democratic Style. Solo Universal Journal of Islamic Education and Multiculturalism, 1(03), 235-252.
Islam, M. H., & Yussof, M. H. B. (2024). Development of Multicultural Education Through Sufism's Value of Satlogi Santri in Pesantren. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(2), 633-648.
Jabbar, A. A., Achour, M., Alauddin, M. B., Geraldine, E., Al Mutawakkil, T., Afiyah, I., & Srifyan, J. H. (2023). The Existence of Multicultural-Universal Education Values in Pesantren. Solo Universal Journal of Islamic Education and Multiculturalism, 1(03), 221-234.
Latif, M., & Hafid, E. (2021). multicultural attitudes in an Islamic boarding school of South Sulawesi–Indonesia. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1968736.
Mala, A., Zulkarnain, Z., Bakar, M. Y. A., & Marpuah, S. (2024). Fostering Tolerance Through Inclusive Islamic Education: The Role of Pesantren in Navigating Global Challenges. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), 12(2), 153-178.
Mala, A., Zulkarnain, Z., Marpuah, S., & Badriyah, L. (2024). Towards Sustainable Inclusive Education: Challenges and Reconstruction of PAI Learning Methods in Islamic Boarding School Education. Jurnal Tarbiyatuna, 15(2), 116-125.
Maunah, B., Habibi, M. A., & Pratiwi, E. Z. (2024). Fostering Diversity and Moderation Through Multicultural Education: Insights from Pesantren Ulul Albab Yogyakarta. Didaktika Religia, 12(2), 387-413.
Muhajir, A. A. (2020). Approach to the Development of. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(5), 1842-1847.
Muhajir, A., Adiyono, A., & Patimah, L. (2025). Management of Multicultural Education in Islamic Boarding Schools: A Case Study of the Implementation of Inclusivity Values in the Diversity of Santri. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 3(3), 390-404.
Muhajir, I. F., Nawas, Z. A., & Kartini, K. (2023). Save Our Pesantren: Curriculum Program and Deradicalization (A Study of Multiculturalism Programs in Pesantren). Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(04).
Munawwarah, U. D. (2025). Carl Rogers' Humanistic Approach in Character Education in Pesantren. Jurnal Pelita Raya, 1(1), 31-45.
Mustopa, M., & Nasikhin, N. (2024). Anti-Racism Education Based on Religious Moderation Values in Pesantren Salaf. Edukasia Islamika, 9(2), 241-266.
Pohl, F. (2006). Islamic education and civil society: Reflections on the pesantren tradition in contemporary Indonesia. Comparative Education Review, 50(3), 389-409.
Purwowidodo, A., & Zaini, M. (2024). Developing a Value-Based Moderate Islamic Education Model: A Case Study of Pesantren Sidogiri Pasuruan. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), 12(1), 43-62.
Qodriyah, K., Bakri, M., & Ghony, D. (2024). The construction of objective consciousness in multicultural society based on pesantren. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(4), 136-149.
Raihani. (2012). Report on multicultural education in pesantren. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 42(4), 585-605.
Rofiah, N. H., Kawai, N., & Sudiraharja, D. (2025). Pesantren and inclusion: Bridging religion and disability in Islamic education in Indonesia. African Journal of Disability, 14, 1741.
Rohman, A. (2017). PESANTREN AS A BASIS FOR INTERNALIZATION OF PLURALISTIC VALUES FOR PREPARING A DEMOCRATIC CITIZENS IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 25(2).
Rosmilawati, I. (2021, November). Multicultural Education in Traditional Islamic Boarding School: A Transformative Learning Perspective. In 7th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET 2021) (pp. 265-271). Atlantis Press.
Safi'i, A. (2022). Peaceful Culture Management and Diversity Santri. Journal of Positive School Psychology http://journal, 6(4), 2453-2468.
Sirojuddin, A., Ghoni, J., & Hosna, R. (2025). Integration of Islamic Boarding School and Higher Education Curriculum from a Multicultural Islamic Education Perspective. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 16(1), 107-128.
Sulthoniyah, L., Husnann, R., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Strategies for building the character of tolerant students through the management of ethnic diversity at the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Situbondo Islamic boarding school. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 13(02).
Thoyib, M. (2019, March). Pesantren and Contemporary Multicultural Islamic Education: Empowering plurality toward realizing social harmony and peace in Indonesia. In Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018) (pp. 543-551). Atlantis Press.
Umar, M. A., & Nurrohman, W. (2024). Multicultural Education to Develop Tolerance of Santri. Multicultural Islamic Education Review, 2(2), 97-106.
Wekke, I. S., & Lubis, M. A. (2008). A Multicultural approach in Arabic language teaching: creating equality at Indonesian pesantren classroom life. Sosiohumanika, 1(2).
Yunus, M. M., & Wekke, I. S. (2009). The application of multicultural education and applying ICT on Pesantren in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Yusuf, A. (2020). Design Of Multicultural Pesantren In Building Multicultural Character Of Santri. Journal Multicultural of Islamic Education, 3(2), 38-54.
Authors
Islam, M. H. (2026). The Integrated Diversity Education Approach in Pesantren (IDEA–P Model): Reconstructing Multicultural Islamic Pedagogy for Inclusive Civilization. BAHTSUNA: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 208–218. https://doi.org/10.55210/bahtsuna.v7i2.637
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